AlN Filler in Thermal Interface Materials (TIMs)-Improving Mechanical Properties

2025-10-16

In modern electronic devices, Thermal Interface Materials (TIMs) play a crucial role. They not only need to transfer heat efficiently but also must possess sufficient mechanical strength to meet the challenges of real-world applications. Whether used as thermal pads or thermal adhesives, issues like material deformation, cracking, or fatigue failure during long-term use can directly impact product reliability.

To optimize these mechanical properties, the industry often incorporates high-performance fillers into the polymer matrix. Among them, Aluminum Nitride (AlN) stands out as a prominent thermal filler, offering benefits that go far beyond enhancing thermal conductivity.

thermal pad

When Aluminum Nitride particles are added to matrices such as silicone grease or silicone gel, The AlN particles reinforce the polymer matrix, preventing excessive deformation under assembly pressure, as well as cracking or fatigue failure during long-term use.

By precisely controlling the amount of aluminum nitride filler, engineers can finely "adjust" the hardness and modulus of the final composite material. This means the material maintains the necessary flexibility for optimal interface contact while also gaining excellent shape retention capability, thereby forming a stable and reliable interface layer. This not only makes the TIM easier to apply during installation but also ensures its long-term stability throughout the device's operational life.

About Xiamen Juci Technology Co., LTD

Xiamen Juci Technology Co., Ltd. is a leading producer and supplier of high-performance aluminum nitride (AlN) filler. Our company is based on independent research and development and large-scale production, aiming to provide customers with high-quality aluminum nitride powder. Juci Technology is committed to becoming your strategic partner in enhancing thermal management efficiency and product reliability with stable and reliable products.

Contact:
Xiamen Juci Technology Co., Ltd.

Phone: +86 592 7080230
Email: miki_huang@chinajuci.com

Website: www.jucialnglobal.com

#aluminum nitride powder #Aluminum nitride filler #Aluminum nitride filler supplier #Filler for Thermal Interface Materials (TIMs) #thermal filler #Advanced thermal management materials

AlN Filler in Thermal Interface Materials (TIMs)-Reducing Thermal Resistance

2025-10-16

Under the trend of miniaturization and high-powerization of electronic devices, heat dissipation has become a key bottleneck for performance improvement. The core to solving this problem lies in reducing thermal resistance. Aluminum nitride excels in reducing thermal resistance, mainly due to its high thermal conductivity and ideal particle morphology. It can not only be efficiently integrated into polymer matrices to create unobstructed heat flow channels but also significantly enhance heat dissipation efficiency in applications such as LED packaging, power modules, and 5G base stations.

5μm Aluminum nitride filler

For enterprises pursuing reliability and performance upgrades, choosing aluminum nitride fillers is not only an efficient thermal conduction solution but also an important means to ensure the stable operation and extended lifespan of electronic devices. In today's increasingly urgent need for heat dissipation, aluminum nitride is becoming the preferred material in more and more industries, opening a new chapter in efficient thermal conduction.

About Xiamen Juci Technology Co., LTD

Xiamen Juci Technology is a leading manufacturer of aluminum nitride powder, aluminum nitride granule, aluminum nitride filler and aluminum nitride ceramics in China. Xiamen Juci Technology is dedicated to the production of aluminum nitride and leads the country in both quality and output. By cooperating with us, we will provide you with efficient thermal management solutions to boost your business.

Contact:
Xiamen Juci Technology Co., Ltd.

Phone: +86 592 7080230
Email: miki_huang@chinajuci.com

Website: www.jucialnglobal.com

#Aluminum nitride filler #heat dissipation filler #heat dissipation material #AlN filler in thermal interface material #High thermal conductivity filler #Semiconductor heat dissipation filler

AlN Filler in Thermal Interface Materials (TIMs)-Enhancing Thermal Conductivity

2025-10-16

Fillers are key components in thermal interface materials (TIMs), enhancing their thermal conductivity, mechanical properties, and stability. Typically, fillers are solid particles dispersed within a polymer or grease matrix, serving to improve heat transfer efficiency.

The Roles of Fillers in Thermal Interface Materials:

Enhancing Thermal Conductivity

The base polymer or grease itself has very low thermal conductivity, typically in the range of 0.1–0.3 W/m·K, which is insufficient for the heat dissipation requirements of high-power electronic devices. The addition of fillers is the primary method for enhancing the thermal conductivity of TIMs. For instance, aluminum nitride (AlN) filler, due to its inherently very high intrinsic thermal conductivity (theoretical value can reach up to 320 W/m·K), can significantly improve the overall thermal performance of the composite material, enabling it to reach 10 W/m·K or even higher. This facilitates efficient heat transfer from the heat source to the heat sink.

About Xiamen Juci Technology Co., LTD

Media Contact:
Xiamen Juci Technology Co., Ltd.

Phone: +86 592 7080230
Email: miki_huang@chinajuci.com

Website: www.jucialnglobal.com

#aluminum nitride powder #Aluminum nitride filler supplier #Aluminum nitride filler manufacturer #aluminum nitride (AlN) filler #AlN filler for thermal interface materials (TIMs) #thermal conductive filler

A Quick Guide to the Power of Glass Fiber Reinforcement

2025-09-26

When you pick up your phone, take apart an auto part, or look at a home appliance casing, you might not realize that hidden inside these seemingly ordinary plastic products lies a kind of “invisible rebar” — glass fiber (GF). From PP + 20% GF to PA + 60% GF, these reinforcing fibers quietly support the plastic matrix, much like steel bars inside concrete.

Today, let’s uncover the mystery of long glass fibers, short glass fibers, and flat glass fibers, and see how they transform plastics into materials that achieve the perfect balance of strength and flexibility.

Glass Fiber: The “Reinforcement Code” of Plastics

What makes glass fiber the “golden partner” of engineering plastics lies in the fiber–resin synergy, which compensates for the inherent weaknesses of pure plastics:

1. Mechanical Reinforcement: Like adding a hidden skeleton to plastics, tensile strength can be improved by 20%–100%, while impact toughness can even approach the level of metals.

Material	Tensile Strength	Testing Standard
Neat PP Resin	30 MPa	ASTM D-638
PP Short Glass Fiber Reinforced	90 MPa	ASTM D-638
PP Long Glass Fiber Reinforced	150 MPa	ASTM D-638

The material data varies across different brands.

This chart compares the strength distribution of neat polymer (blue dashed line) and glass fiber reinforced polymer (red line). The neat polymer shows lower strength values concentrated around 70–90 MPa, while the glass fiber reinforced polymer exhibits a broader distribution with much higher strengths, extending up to around 300 MPa. This indicates that glass fiber reinforcement significantly improves the material’s mechanical performance.

2. Deformation resistance: suppresses resin shrinkage, making products less prone to warping under high temperature and stress, with a shrinkage rate controllable to as low as 0.15%.

3. Cost balancing: compared with pure engineering plastics, fiber-reinforced materials can achieve high performance at lower cost. For example, using long glass fiber PA to replace metal in automotive parts reduces weight by 58% while cutting costs by 30%. However, different forms of glass fiber bring very different “buffs” to plastics. The right choice can double product performance, while the wrong one may lead to issues such as fiber exposure and brittleness.

Type of fiber: long, short, or flat
The most commonly used glass fibers are long glass fiber, short glass fiber, and flat glass fiber. They differ significantly in morphology, performance, processing methods, and application scenarios, which is also reflected in their structural characteristics:

Glass Fiber Table

Glass Fiber Comparison Table

Type	Length Range	Morphological Characteristics	Core Advantages
Long Glass Fiber	5–25 mm (commonly 6–12 mm)	Continuous filaments, high integrity	Strength champion, excellent fatigue resistance
Short Glass Fiber	0.1–1 mm (commonly 0.2–0.5 mm)	Short cut segments, easy to disperse	Processing-friendly, balanced performance
Flat Glass Fiber	0.5–5 mm (customizable)	Flat ribbon-like, large surface area	Smooth surface, warp-resistant expert

Long glass fibers are like “continuous steel bars,” forming a continuous network within the resin and efficiently transmitting stress, which is why their impact strength is 50%–100% higher than that of short glass fibers. Short glass fibers resemble “broken steel slag”: they are evenly dispersed but limited in length, making them suitable for applications that require high isotropy. Flat glass fibers are like “thin steel sheets,” with a thickness of 3–10 μm and a width of 50–200 μm, giving them 3–5 times more contact area with the resin than round glass fibers, directly enhancing surface smoothness by one grade.

Performance Showdown: Who’s Your “Ideal Type”?
When choosing glass fibers, focus on the following key performance dimensions:

1. Appearance
Flake Glass Fiber-Filled PC:
Thanks to its flat ribbon-like structure, the contact area with the PC resin is 3–5 times larger than that of the same weight of round glass fibers. This creates a smoother fiber-resin interface. Combined with a special drawing process that reduces surface roughness, the surface gloss of the molded part (measured at a 60° angle) can reach 80–90, close to a mirror-like finish of pure PC, with almost no visible fiber float.

Short Glass Fiber-Filled PC:
Short fibers are evenly dispersed, causing only mild light scattering. However, the round fiber cross-section still produces minor reflections at the fiber-resin interface. Surface gloss is slightly lower than flake glass fiber, usually around 70–80. Fiber float visibility requires stricter control of the molding process.

Long Glass Fiber-Filled PC:
Long fibers (6–12 mm) tend to form local agglomerations during processing. Due to the “skeleton effect,” tiny gaps exist at the fiber-resin interface, causing diffuse reflection of light in these areas. Surface gloss is only 50–60, resulting in a slightly matte finish. This type is more suitable for functional parts such as engineering machinery housings, where performance is prioritized over appearance.

2. Inner Strength: Mechanical Performance Study
Long Glass Fiber is undoubtedly the “strength champion.” Data shows that at the same content, PA reinforced with long glass fibers has 20–30% higher tensile strength than short glass fiber composites, and notch impact strength is 50–60% higher, making it especially suitable for long-term load-bearing components such as automotive bumpers and wind turbine blades. LFT-G’s Verton long glass fiber composites can even maintain impact strength at -40°C, a performance level difficult for short glass fibers to achieve.

Short Glass Fiber excels in “balance.” Although its strength is slightly lower, it offers good isotropy, meaning the part’s performance is uniform in all directions. This makes it ideal for precision components such as gears and connectors.

Flake (Flat) Glass Fiber improves lateral toughness slightly. For example, using flake glass fiber to reinforce Si-PC blends for smartphone housings can increase drop resistance by 40% while avoiding defects such as fiber protrusion.

3. Dimensional Stability: The Key to Warpage Control
Long Glass Fiber: Its “skeleton effect” firmly restrains the resin, reducing shrinkage along the flow direction to as low as 0.15%. However, shrinkage differences in the perpendicular direction can be significant, making large flat panels prone to warping.

Short Glass Fiber: Shrinkage is more uniform, making it suitable for small to medium-sized parts.

Flake (Flat) Glass Fiber: Thanks to its flat structure, it provides more balanced control over in-plane shrinkage, making it an ideal choice for automotive interior panels.

4. Processing Difficulty
Long Fibers: They tend to tangle, requiring high-performance injection molding equipment. Molds need large runners and gates (≥3 mm), and complex parts may require low-pressure processes such as Injection Compression Molding (ICM), Structural Foam Molding (SFM), or Gas-Assisted Injection Molding (GAIM). Otherwise, fiber breakage can drastically reduce performance.

Short Glass Fiber and Flake (Flat) Glass Fiber: These are easier to process with mature, established methods. They can be molded on standard injection machines, and high-flow grades can even fill thin walls down to 0.5 mm. Flake glass fiber, thanks to its good surface appearance, can achieve better aesthetics than short glass fiber without the need for higher mold temperatures.

Application Scenarios: Putting the Right Glass Fiber in the Right Place
There is no “best” glass fiber, only the most suitable choice. Let’s look at the main arenas for different types of glass fibers:

Long Glass Fiber: The “heavy-duty champion” of industrial applications.
Components such as automotive chassis brackets, engineering machinery housings, and ski binding fixtures that must withstand long-term impacts and loads are best served by long glass fibers. Long glass fiber composites used in cable brackets can last 10 years underground without corrosion, completely solving the rust problems of metal brackets. Long glass fiber-reinforced plastics are also ideal for automotive pedals.

Short Glass Fiber: The “cost-performance king” of consumer goods.
Parts such as washing machine drums, air conditioner compressor brackets, and electronic connectors require basic strength but are cost-sensitive. Short glass fiber-reinforced materials are perfect for these, for example, 30% short glass fiber PA66 gears, which are wear-resistant yet affordable.

Flake (Flat) Glass Fiber: Combines appearance and strength.
Components like smartphone housings, laptop A-side panels, and automotive interior panels need both drop resistance and aesthetics. Flake glass fiber provides a mirror-smooth surface while maintaining sufficient strength even in thin walls of 0.8 mm.

#pp gf30 #what is long glass fiber #lgf vs gf

Customer Project PA12-LCF40 Solution for Wire Rope End Fitting

2025-09-26

Customer Project: PA12-LCF40 Solution for Wire Rope End Fitting

Customer Project:

PA12-LCF40 Solution for Wire Rope End Fitting

In this project, PA12 filled with 40% long carbon fiber (PA12-LCF40) was chosen to replace traditional metal material for the end fitting of a wire rope. The component, a black end terminal with a circular hole for connection, required excellent strength, durability, and weight reduction.

Left: PA12-LCF Right: Metal

Project Background

Wire rope end fittings are traditionally manufactured from metal due to their high load-bearing requirements. However, this often results in excessive weight and corrosion issues in outdoor or marine environments. The client was seeking an advanced solution with a balance of mechanical performance, lightweight, and resistance to harsh conditions.

Material Advantages

PA12-LCF40 demonstrated the following key advantages:

High Strength & Rigidity: Long carbon fibers act like a continuous reinforcement network, ensuring excellent load-bearing capacity comparable to metals.
Lightweight: The component achieved a significant weight reduction compared to its metal counterpart, addressing the "significant weight difference" requirement.
Corrosion Resistance: PA12 provides excellent chemical resistance, making it suitable for outdoor and marine environments where metals typically corrode.
Dimensional Stability: Maintains structural integrity under varying loads and environmental conditions.

Datasheet fot LFT PA12-LCF40

Customer Benefits

By switching to PA12-LCF40, the customer gained a high-performance part that not only met safety and load-bearing demands but also delivered lighter weight and enhanced durability. This solution improved ease of handling and installation while reducing long-term maintenance costs.

Conclusion

This project highlights the successful replacement of a conventional metal wire rope end fitting with a PA12-LCF40 composite material. It reflects the growing trend of "plastic instead of steel" solutions, demonstrating that long fiber reinforced composites can deliver performance and reliability equal to, or surpassing, traditional materials in demanding applications.

About Us

Xiamen LFT Composite Plastic Co., Ltd. (LFT-G) is a global leading manufacturer of long fiber reinforced thermoplastic (LFT) materials. With our R&D, we specialize in research, development, and production of high-performance composite solutions, including PA, PP, TPU, PEEK, PPS, and PPA filled with long glass fiber or long carbon fiber. Our materials are widely applied in automotive, electronics, power tools, and industrial components, offering exceptional strength, impact resistance, dimensional stability, and "plastic replacement for steel" capabilities.

Committed to innovation and sustainability, LFT-G integrates advanced technology with customer-focused service, delivering tailored solutions that meet the most demanding requirements while reducing weight, enhancing durability, and ensuring cost efficiency.

Contact LFT-G

How to Choose Aluminum Nitride Powder with Different Particle Size Distributions?

2025-09-25

Faced with the wide variety of aluminum nitride powders on the market, how do you make the best choice? A common mistake when selecting aluminum nitride powder is focusing solely on purity while ignoring the particle size distribution. In fact, choosing the wrong particle size can lead to sintering difficulties, failure to meet thermal conductivity standards, or a significant increase in production costs. Particle size distribution often plays a decisive role in the selection of aluminum nitride powder.

Particle size distribution of aluminum nitride powder

First, we need to clarify the primary role aluminum nitride plays in our product, as this determines the general direction for selection.

1、Application: High Thermal Conductivity Ceramic Substrates / Structural Components

This is the most classic application for aluminum nitride, aiming to achieve a sintered body with high density and high thermal conductivity.

Primary Performance Indicators: Ultra-high thermal conductivity (>170 W/mK), high mechanical strength, high insulation.

Recommended Particle Size Distribution:

Strategy: Choose a "Bimodal Distribution"

Characteristics: Consists of a mixture of coarser and finer particles in specific proportions.

Advantages: Fine particles fill the voids between coarse particles, achieving very high green density and sintered density. This allows for high thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical strength at relatively low sintering temperatures. This is currently the most commonly used and reliable solution in the industry.

Aluminum nitride ceramic substrate

2、 Application: Thermal Interface Materials (As a Functional Filler)

In this case, aluminum nitride powder is dispersed as a filler in polymers (such as thermal grease, epoxy resin, plastics) and does not require sintering.

Primary Performance Indicators: High filling rate, high thermal conductivity, good rheology, low viscosity.

Recommended Particle Size Distribution:

Strategy: Pursuing High Filling & Flowability → Choose "Spherical or Near-Spherical Fine Powder"

Characteristics: The particle size distribution can be adjusted according to requirements.

Advantages: Fine particles provide a large specific surface area, enabling the formation of a denser thermal conduction pathway within the polymer. Spherical particles offer excellent flowability, allowing for higher packing density without significantly increasing the system's viscosity, which is beneficial for processes like potting and coating.

Advanced Strategy: A "bimodal" or "multimodal" distribution of fillers can also be used, where small particles fill the gaps between larger particles, further enhancing the density of the thermal network.

Thermal Interface Materials

About Xiamen Juci Technology Co., LTD

Xiamen Juci Technology Co., Ltd. is a leading producer and supplier of high-performance aluminum nitride (AlN) powder. The company is based on independent research and development and large-scale production, aiming to provide customers with high-quality core materials of aluminum nitride. With a profound understanding and precise control of the preparation process, we ensure that every batch of AlN powder produced has a highly concentrated particle size distribution, excellent fluidity and sintering activity. These key features make our products an ideal source for thermal conductive fillers, AlN ceramic substrates and electronic packaging applications. Juci Technology is committed to becoming your strategic partner in enhancing thermal management efficiency and product reliability with stable and reliable products.

Media Contact:
Xiamen Juci Technology Co., Ltd.

Phone: +86 592 7080230
Email: miki_huang@chinajuci.com

Website: www.jucialnglobal.com

#aluminum nitride powder #High Thermal Conductivity Ceramic Substrates #Thermal Interface Materials AlN filler #aluminum nitride ceramic component #Spherical aluminum nitride filler #chinese AlN powder supplier

What is the Particle Size Distribution of Aluminum Nitride Powder?

2025-09-19

If you are searching for high-performance aluminum nitride (AlN) powder, the technical parameter "particle size distribution" is an absolutely essential factor you cannot overlook. It is not just a row of complex numbers on a data sheet but a hidden code that determines the success or failure of your final product.

So, what exactly is the particle size distribution of aluminum nitride powder? And how does it affect your production process and product performance? Let’s uncover the mystery together.

1. In Simple Terms, What Is Particle Size Distribution?

Imagine a bag of rice containing both whole grains and some broken bits. The same applies to aluminum nitride powder—it does not consist of particles all of the same size.

Particle size distribution is a scientific method to describe the proportion of particles of different sizes in this "bag of aluminum nitride powder." It tells us whether the powder is "uniform" or "varied in size."

Key metrics typically include:

D50: This is a median value. It indicates that 50% of the particles in the sample have a diameter smaller than this value, and 50% are larger. It is a core metric for measuring the "average fineness" of the powder.

D10 and D90: These represent the particle diameters below which 10% and 90% of the sample particles lie, respectively. They define the "range" of particle sizes in the powder.

Span: Calculated as (D90 - D10) / D50. A smaller Span value indicates more uniform particle sizes and a more concentrated distribution, while a larger Span value suggests greater variation in particle sizes and a wider distribution.

Particle size distribution of single crystal filler

2. Why Is Particle Size Distribution So Important?

Particle size distribution directly affects the physical and chemical properties of the powder, thereby influencing every step from processing to the final product.

Impact on Sintering Density

Fine particles: More active and easier to fuse at high temperatures, contributing to high-density sintering at lower temperatures, saving energy.

Optimal combination: Using a "bimodal distribution" (i.e., intentionally mixing particles of two different sizes) is like combining sand and stones—small particles perfectly fill the gaps between larger ones, achieving the highest packing density and resulting in a denser, stronger product after sintering.

Narrow particle size distribution

Decisive Influence on Thermal Conductivity

The core value of aluminum nitride lies in its exceptional thermal conductivity. Heat transfer is most hindered by "obstacles."

Pores are obstacles: Poor particle size distribution can lead to pores after sintering, severely reducing thermal efficiency.

Grain boundaries are also obstacles: Uniform and appropriately coarse particles help form larger crystal grains, reducing the "walls" (grain boundaries) between crystals. This allows heat (phonons) to flow unimpeded, maximizing thermal conductivity.

Adaptability to Production Processes

Tape casting: Requires ultra-fine powder with uniform particles (small Span value) to prepare stable, non-laminating slurry, ultimately yielding smooth and flat ceramic substrates.

Die pressing: Tolerates a wider range of particle size distributions but still requires a reasonable distribution to ensure filling rate and green strength.

About Xiamen Juci Technology Co., LTD

Xiamen Juci Technology Co., Ltd. specializes in the R&D and production of high-performance aluminum nitride (AlN) powders. Leveraging advanced preparation techniques and stringent quality control, we precisely tailor the particle size distribution of our AlN powders to ensure high uniformity and consistency. Our products feature a concentrated and narrow particle size distribution, which provides excellent flowability and sintering activity, making them ideal for applications such as thermal conductive AlN fillers, AlN ceramic substrates, and electronic packaging. We are your key material partner in enhancing the thermal performance and reliability of your products.

Media Contact:
Xiamen Juci Technology Co., Ltd.

Phone: +86 592 7080230
Email: miki_huang@chinajuci.com

Website: www.jucialnglobal.com

#AlN ceramic substrates #aluminum nitride (AlN) powder #Aluminum nitride supplier #thermal conductive AlN fillers #electronic packaging material #Aluminum nitride powder with a narrow particle size distribution

An In-Depth Analysis of the Performance of EVA, POE, EPE, and PVB Films

2025-09-12

The lifespan of solar panels depends a lot on the materials used to seal them. That's why researchers spend a lot of time studying these materials. A comparative analysis of the aging resistance of the four mainstream encapsulation films currently on the market: Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA), POE, EPE, and PVB. PolyVinyl Butyral Film (PVB film) exhibits excellent aging resistance, while EVA film exhibits good initial performance but relatively poor aging resistance.

1. Four Mainstream Encapsulation Films

EVA film: Made from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, it is the largest market share photovoltaic module encapsulation material. Vinyl acetate groups are introduced through high-pressure polymerization. The vinyl acetate content affects film performance and is typically between 28% and 33%. EVA film technology is mature and relatively low-cost. As a photovoltaic module encapsulation film, it offers the following advantages:

Strong adhesion to photovoltaic glass, solar cells, and backsheets
Good melt flowability and low melting temperature
High light transmittance
Excellent flexibility, minimizing damage to solar cells during lamination
Excellent weather resistance

POE film: A random copolymer elastomer formed from ethylene and 1-octene, it features a low melting point, a narrow molecular weight distribution, and long chain branches. In the ethylene-octene copolymer system, octene units can be randomly attached to the ethylene backbone, resulting in excellent mechanical properties and light transmittance.
Excellent moisture vapor barrier properties: Its moisture vapor transmission rate is approximately 1/8 that of EVA. Its stable molecular chain structure results in a slow aging process, providing better protection for solar cells from moisture corrosion in high-temperature and high-humidity environments and enhancing PID resistance in solar modules.
Excellent weather resistance: The molecular chain contains no hydrolyzable ester bonds, preventing the generation of acidic substances during aging.

EPE Co-extruded Film: This encapsulation film was developed to address the application challenges of POE films. POE films are prone to additive precipitation during lamination, resulting in slippage during use and affecting product yield. Therefore, EVA and POE are co-extruded in multiple layers to create EVA/POE/EVA multilayer co-extruded films.
This film combines the advantages of both materials: it possesses the water barrier and PID resistance of POE with the high adhesion of EVA.
Process control is challenging: Polyolefin elastomers are non-polar molecules, while ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers are polar molecules. The two resins exhibit significant differences in cross-linking reactivity, melt viscosity, and shear melt heating rate, making it difficult to effectively control quality through a simple co-extrusion process.

PVB Film: This film offers significant advantages in photovoltaic module encapsulation, particularly for building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) modules. This thermoplastic polymer is formed by the acid-catalyzed condensation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) generated by the hydrolysis or alcoholysis of polyvinyl acetate and n-butyraldehyde. It is recyclable and reprocessable, and does not require a cross-linking reaction.
Strong Adhesion and Mechanical Properties: It exhibits strong adhesion to glass and high mechanical strength.
Excellent Aging Resistance: It exhibits exceptional environmental aging resistance, making it more resilient for outdoor use and capable of lasting up to four years without compromising performance. Its adhesion to glass and impact resistance are superior to those of EVA film, and its aging resistance is also superior to that of EVA film.

2. Aging Resistance - UV Accelerated Aging Test

The UV accelerated aging test verifies atmospheric light aging resistance. After lamination, the prepared materials are placed in a UV aging chamber under controlled test conditions. After aging, the peel strength and yellowing index of the film against glass are measured.

UV radiation damages the film's adhesive properties, but the effect is less severe than in high temperature and high humidity environments. EVA exhibits significant yellowing after UV irradiation. Peel Strength Change: UV irradiation does affect the peel strength between the film and glass to some extent, but the effect is less pronounced than in high-temperature, high-humidity environments. Different films exhibit different peel strength change trends after UV irradiation. For example, samples 1# (EVA), 2# (POE), 3# (EPE), and 4# Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB) all show a decrease in peel strength after UV irradiation, but the degree of decrease varies.

Yellowing Index Change: EVA exhibits significant yellowing after UV irradiation. This is because residual crosslinkers in the EVA decompose under the influence of light, generating reactive free radicals that react with the antioxidant (UV absorber) to form chromophores. The yellowing index of other films also changes after UV irradiation, but to a lesser extent than that of EVA.

3. Aging Resistance - High-Temperature, High-Humidity Aging Test

The laminated samples were placed in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at a temperature of (85±2)°C and a relative humidity of 85%±5% for 1000 hours.

The peel strength of all four samples against glass decreased after hygrothermal aging. PVB exhibited superior hygrothermal aging resistance, while EPE fell between EVA and POE. EVA was more susceptible to yellowing under high temperature and high humidity conditions.

Peel Strength Change: The peel strength of samples 1#, 2#, 3#, and 4# against glass decreased after hygrothermal aging, and this continued to decline with increasing hygrothermal aging time.

Yellowing Index Change: The yellowing index of all samples increased with increasing hygrothermal aging time, with EVA showing the largest increase, indicating that EVA is more susceptible to yellowing under high temperature and high humidity conditions.

4. Aging Resistance - Humidity-Freeze Aging Test

Laminated specimens were placed in a temperature-humidity cycling test chamber. The cycle conditions were characterized by specific temperature and humidity variations, as shown in the figure below. The number of cycles was 20.

Peel Strength Change: As shown in the figure, the humidity-freeze cycle had little effect on the peel strength between films 1#, 2#, 3#, and 4 and the glass. The peel strength of the four films remained relatively stable during the humidity-freeze cycle, with no significant decrease.

Yellowing Index Change: The four films showed low yellowing after the humidity-freeze cycle, demonstrating that they maintain high performance despite frequent temperature fluctuations and exhibit good resistance to yellowing. Their optical properties remained relatively stable in environments with high humidity and large temperature fluctuations.

Mechanical tests showed that PVB has the best properties, while EVA is mechanically stronger than POE, with EPE in between. Overall, PVB film resists aging best, while EVA is good at first but ages faster. EVA is still popular because it's affordable. As tech gets better, POE and EPE will likely become more common alongside EVA, giving more choices for sealing solar panels.

Website: www.elephchem.com

Whatsapp: (+)86 13851435272

E-mail: admin@elephchem.com

#Ethylene Vinyl Acetate #Dairen EVA #EVA F171B #Changchun PVB #Polyvinyl Butyral #PVB film #changchun PVB film #Taiwan PVB film

Applications of Phenolic Resin and its Composites

2025-09-12

Modified phenolic resin overcome the shortcomings of phenolic resin, such as poor heat resistance and low mechanical strength. They offer excellent mechanical properties, strong heat resistance, strong bonding, and chemical stability. They are widely used in compression molding powders, coatings, glues, fibers, anti-corrosion, and thermal insulation applications.

1. Applications of Modified Phenolic Resins in Compression Molding Powders

Compression molding powders are essential for the production of molded products. They are primarily made from modified phenolic resins. In manufacturing, a common method involves using both roller compaction and twin-screw extrusion. Wood is used as a filler to impregnate the resin, and other reagents are then added and mixed thoroughly. The powder is then pulverized to produce compression molding powder. Materials such as quartz can be added to produce compression molding powders with enhanced insulation and heat resistance. Compression molding powders are a raw material for various plastic products, which can be manufactured industrially through injection molding or compression molding. Figure 2 shows the application of modified phenolic resin in compression molding powders. Compression molding powders are primarily used in electrical components such as switches and plugs for household items.

2. Application of Modified Phenolic Resins in Coatings

For 70 years, coatings have used phenolic resins. Rosin-modified phenolic resins or 4-tert-Butylphenol formaldehyde resin are the main ones in phenolic coatings. These resins make coatings better at resisting acid and heat, so they're common in lots of engineering projects. Still, because they give things a yellow color, you can't use them if you want a light-colored finish. Besides being mixed with tung oil, they can also be blended with other resins. To increase a coating's alkali resistance and air-dried hardness, alkyd resins can be added to improve the coating's alkali resistance and hardness. For coatings requiring acid and alkali resistance and good adhesion, epoxy resins can be added to enhance the coating's performance. Figure 3 illustrates the application of modified phenolic resins in coatings.

3. Application of Modified Phenolic Resins in Phenolic Adhesives

Phenolic adhesives are mainly made from modified thermosetting phenolic resins. If phenolic resin is used to create adhesives, its viscosity can be a problem, restricting it to plywood bonding. But, modifying phenolic resin with polymers can improve its heat resistance and adhesion. Phenolic-nitrile adhesives can even have good mechanical strength and toughness, especially when it comes to impact resistance.

4. Application of Modified Phenolic Resins in Fibers

Phenolic resins also have a wide range of applications in the fiber industry. Phenolic resin is melted and drawn into fibers, which are then treated in polyoxymethylene. After a period of time, the filaments solidify, resulting in a fiber with a solid structure. To further enhance the fiber's strength and modulus, the modified phenolic resin can be mixed with molten low-concentration polyamide and drawn into fibers, as shown in Figure 4. The spun fibers are typically yellow and possess high strength. They will not melt or burn even at temperatures of 8,000°C. It will also self-extinguish in these harsh environments, preventing fires from occurring at the source. At room temperature, polyamide-modified phenolic resin fibers are highly resistant to concentrated hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids, but less resistant to strong acids and bases such as sulfuric acid and nitric acid. These products are primarily used in factory protective clothing and interior decoration, minimizing employee injuries and fatalities in the event of a fire. They are also commonly used as insulation and thermal insulation materials in engineering projects.

5. Application of Modified Phenolic Resins in Anti-Corrosion Materials

Phenolic resins are used to make anti-corrosion stuff, but the modified versions are more common. You'll often see these as phenolic resin mastics, phenolic-epoxy composite fiberglass, or phenolic-epoxy coatings. A good example is phenolic-epoxy coatings, which mix the acid resistance of phenolic resins with the alkali resistance and stickiness of epoxy resins. This mix makes them great for protecting pipelines and vehicles from corrosion.

6. Application of Modified Phenolic Resin in Thermal Insulating Materials

Because modified phenolic resin offers superior heat resistance compared to pure phenolic resin, modified phenolic resin foams occupy a prominent position in the thermal insulation market, as shown in Figure 5. Modified phenolic resin foams also offer thermal insulation, are lightweight, and are difficult to spontaneously ignite. Furthermore, when exposed to flames, they do not drip, effectively preventing the spread of fire. Consequently, they are widely used in thermal insulation color-coated steel sheets, room insulation, central air conditioning, and pipes requiring low temperatures. Currently, polystyrene foam is the most widely used insulation material on the market, but its performance is far inferior to that of modified phenolic resin foam. Modified phenolic resin foam, due to its low thermal conductivity and excellent thermal insulation, has earned it the title of "King of Insulation" in the insulation industry.

Website: www.elephchem.com

Whatsapp: (+)86 13851435272

E-mail: admin@elephchem.com

#thermal insulating material #Bakelite Phenolic Resin #Phenolic insulation #Phenoic formaldehyde resin #4-tert-Butylphenol formaldehyde resin #Hexion Bakelite PF 6507 #resol phenolic resin #SUMIKON EME #Phenolic PCB #Phenolic Resin

Chloroprene Rubber vs. EPDM/Nitrile Rubber How to Choose the Right Material?

2025-09-12

For outdoor environments, you should choose EPDM. Nitrile suits oil and fuel contact best. For mixed chemical resistance, select neoprene and chloroprene. Evaluate your project’s environmental exposure, chemical compatibility, and temperature requirements. These factors will help you make the right material choice for reliable, long-term performance.

1. Comparison Overview

Key Properties

When you compare Chloroprene Rubber(such as Polychloroprene Rubber CR2440) , EPDM, and Nitrile Rubber, you need to focus on several critical properties. These include oil resistance, weathering, ozone/UV resistance, fire performance, temperature range, and cost. The table below summarizes how each material performs in these areas:

Property

Property	Chloroprene Rubber	EPDM	Nitrile Rubber
Oil Resistance	Moderate	Poor	Excellent
Weather Resistance	Excellent	Excellent	Fair-Good
Ozone/UV Resistance	Poor	Fair-Good	Good
Temperature Range (°F)	-40 to 225	-60 to 300	-40 to 250
Cost	Moderate	Low-Moderate	Moderate

Ozone and Weathering Resistance Table

Rubber Type	Ozone Resistance	Weather Resistance
Chloroprene Rubber	Poor	Excellent
EPDM	Fair-Good	Excellent
Nitrile Rubber	Good	Fair-Good

Fire Resistance Classification Table

Material	Fire Resistance Classification
Chloroprene Rubber	Not a fire retardant, but less flammable than other commercial rubbers; melts when aflame but can be extinguished.
EPDM	Good level of flame resistance; requires compounding with blockers to meet fire standards.
Nitrile Rubber	Not rated

2. Pros and Cons

You should weigh the advantages and disadvantages of each material before making your selection.

Chloroprene Rubber

Pros: Offers balanced resistance to oil, chemicals, and weathering; Performs well in outdoor and marine environments; Less flammable than many other rubbers.
Cons: Faces supply chain risks due to regulatory restrictions; Ozone resistance is lower than EPDM or Nitrile; Cost can be higher than EPDM.

EPDM

Pros: Excels in outdoor, UV, and ozone-exposed applications; Maintains flexibility at low temperatures; New formulations provide flame resistance and self-healing properties; Cost-effective for large-scale projects.
Cons: Poor resistance to oils and fuel; Requires additives for optimal fire performance; Not suitable for applications involving petroleum-based fluids.

Nitrile Rubber

Pros: Outstanding oil and fuel resistance; Enhanced heat resistance in modern compounds; Can be blended for specialized performance, such as static dissipation; Eco-friendly options are emerging.
Cons: Weathering and ozone resistance are lower than EPDM; Not inherently flame retardant; Flexibility decreases at low temperatures.

3. Choosing the Right Material

Environmental Factors

You need to assess the environment where your rubber material will operate. Outdoor exposure, sunlight, ozone, and weathering can quickly degrade some rubbers. EPDM stands out for its excellent resistance to ozone and sunlight, making it the top choice for outdoor applications. You benefit from EPDM’s ability to withstand harsh weather, UV rays, and temperature swings. This material can last up to 20 years or more in outdoor conditions. If your project involves exposure to oils or solvents, Chloroprene Rubber (such as Neoprene AD-20) offers good oil resistance and performs well in parts exposed to chemicals. EPDM is also more environmentally friendly because it is non-toxic and recyclable, while Neoprene (Chloroprene Rubber) is less sustainable.

Chemical Resistance

You must match the rubber’s chemical resistance profile to your application. Each material reacts differently to oils, fuels, and industrial chemicals. Nitrile Rubber provides high oil resistance but performs poorly against weather and ozone. Chloroprene Rubber offers moderate oil resistance and excellent weather resistance. EPDM does not resist oils but excels in weather and ozone resistance.

Rubber Type	Oil Resistance	Weather Resistance	Flame Resistance	Ozone Resistance
Nitrile Rubber	High	Poor	Poor	Poor
Chloroprene Rubber	Moderate	Excellent	Very Good	Excellent
EPDM	N/A	Excellent	N/A	Excellent

You should always check the chemicals your project will encounter. Select Nitrile Rubber for oil and fuel contact. Use Chloroprene Rubber for balanced resistance to chemicals and weather. Choose EPDM for applications with no oil exposure but high weathering demands.

4. Summary

Choosing the right rubber material for your project depends on matching its properties to your application’s demands. You need to consider oil resistance, weathering, ozone and UV exposure, and the specific environment where the rubber will perform. Each rubber type offers unique strengths that make it ideal for certain uses.

Website: www.elephchem.com

Whatsapp: (+)86 13851435272

E-mail: admin@elephchem.com

#Neoprene Latex #Rubber-based Adhesives #chloroprene and neoprene #Polychloroprene Rubber CR2440 #Lanxess Baypren #Neoprene AD-20 #Baypren 350-2 #BAYPREN 320

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